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Early treatment of injury
Early treatment of injury

Sprains
Definition:
A sprain is an injury to the ligaments around a joint.

Alternative Names:
Joint sprain

Considerations:

Sprains are usually treated with a period of immobilization (usually with a splint) to allow for pain relief and decreased swelling.

If the pain and swelling have decreased 48 hours after a sprain, move the affected joint in all directions. However, keep pressure off the injured area until the pain subsides (usually 7 to 10 days for mild sprains and 3 to 5 weeks for severe sprains). This may require the use of crutches when walking.
Causes:
Sprains are caused by trauma directly to the joint, which causes it to move into a position into which it was not designed to move. For instance, "twisting" one's ankle causes a sprain to the ligaments around the ankle.
Symptoms:
First Aid:

1. Restrict the movement of the affected area. Use a splint if necessary -- see how to make a splint.

2. Avoid activities that cause pain or swelling. Rest.

3. Apply cold compresses immediately to help reduce swelling. (Avoid using ice directly on the skin.)

4. Bandage the affected area firmly, but not tightly. ACE bandages are good for this.

5. Raise the swollen joint above the level of the heart, especially while sleeping.

6. Think RICE for sprains:

  • R = Rest
  • I = Ice
  • C = Compression and immobilization
  • E = Elevate the area
Do Not:
  • DO NOT give the victim anything by mouth if a severe injury is suspected.
  • DO NOT ignore pain that persists. Rest any body part that is in pain.
Call immediately for emergency medical assistance if:

Seek medical attention right away if the following occur:

  • You suspect a broken bone.
  • The joint appears to be deformed.
  • You have a serious injury or persistent pain.
  • There is an audible popping sound and immediate difficulty in using the joint.

If pain and swelling persist after a prolonged period of time (more than 6 weeks), contact your health care provider.
Prevention:
  • Wear proper foot equipment, such as high-top shoes for activities that place stress on the ankle.
  • Avoid high-heeled shoes.
  • Always stretch or warm-up prior to participation in athletic activities.
  • Practice moderation in physical activities.
Review Date: 1/15/2003
Reviewed By: Andrew L. Chen, M.D., M.S., Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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