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Anal biopsy
Anal biopsy

Anoscopy
Definition:
A procedure that enables a physician or gastroenterologist to view the anus and anal canal.

How the test is performed:

An anoscopy involves viewing the anus and anal canal.

First, the doctor performs a digital rectal exam. The doctor inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to determine if anything will block the insertion of the scope.

The doctor then inserts a lubricated metal or plastic anoscope a few inches into the rectum. This enlarges the rectum to allow the doctor to view the entire anal canal using a light. A specimen for biopsy can be taken if needed. As the scope is slowly removed, the lining of the anal canal is carefully inspected.
How to prepare for the test:

Clear your rectum of stool before the procedure. A laxative, enema, or other preparation may be administered to aid evacuation.

Infants and children:
A child's age and previous experience determine which steps are appropriate to prepare a child for this procedure. For specific recommendations, refer to the following topics as they correspond to your child's age:

How the test will feel:

There will be a little pressure during the procedure, and you may feel the need to defecate. If biopsies are taken, you may feel a pinch.
Why the test is performed:

This test may be used to determine if a patient has hemorrhoids, anal polyps, inflammation, fissures, or an infection.
Normal Values:

The anal canal appears normal in size, color, and tone. There is no evidence of bleeding, polyps, hemorrhoids, or other abnormal tissue.
What abnormal results mean:

This test may be done to determine if a patient has hemorrhoids, an abscess, inflammation, infection, fissures, or polyps (benign or malignant).
What the risks are:

There are minimal risks for simple anoscopy. If a biopsy is needed, there is a limited risk of bleeding and mild pain.
Special considerations:
Not applicable.
Review Date: 6/12/2001
Reviewed By: Heather Cohen, M.D., Department of General Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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