Gynecologic laparoscopy involves a group of minimally invasive surgical procedures on the female reproductive organs performed with the aid of a small camera.

The first gynecologic procedures involving a laparoscope included exploratory laparoscopy to diagnose ovarian pathology such as cysts, torsion, and cancer. Subsequently, more complex operations have developed, including laparoscopic removal of a tubal pregnancy, harvest of eggs for in vitro fertilization, and, more recently, laparoscopic removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) and/or removal of the ovaries.

For complex laparoscopic operations, patients should consult with their primary health care provider to find a center of excellence in the specific operation.

The procedure is usually done in the hospital, under general anesthesia. A catheter is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. An additional tube, called a nasogastric (NG) tube, may be passed through the nostril and into the stomach to remove intestinal contents. The skin of the abdomen is cleansed, and sterile drapes are applied.

A small incision is made above or below the navel to allow the insertion of a tube called a trocar, which allows passage of a tiny video camera into the abdomen. Prior to insertion of the trocar, a needle is inserted into the incision and carbon dioxide gas is injected to elevate the abdominal wall, thereby creating a larger space to work in. This allows for easier viewing and manipulation of the organs.

The laparoscope is then inserted so that the organs of the pelvis and abdomen can be examined. Additional small incisions are made for instruments that allow the surgeon to move organs, cut tissue, suture, and staple structures as needed to safely and effectively perform the procedure.

Following the examination, the laparoscope is then removed, the incisions are closed with sutures, and bandages are applied. Depending upon the operation performed, a drain may be left through one of the incisions to allow for drainage of accumulated fluid.

Do not eat or drink for 8 hours before the test.

You must sign a consent form before a gynecologic laparoscopic procedure.

Infants and children:
The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child's age, interests, previous experiences, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child's age:

• Infant test/procedure preparation (birth to 1 year)
• Toddler test/procedure preparation (1 to 3 years)
• Preschooler test/procedure preparation (3 to 6 years)
• Schoolage test/procedure preparation (6 to 12 years)
• Adolescent test/procedure preparation (12 to 18 years)

Additionally, you may experience shoulder pain for a few days, because the carbon dioxide gas used to inflate your abdomen can irritate your diaphragm, which shares some of the same nerves as the shoulder. You may also experience an increased urge to urinate, since the gas can put pressure on the bladder.

Depending on the procedure performed, your health care provider may advise you to avoid eating and drinking for a period of time after the procedure.

Abnormal results are specific to the operation performed.