Depletions > Cardiovascular Medications, ...
Cardiovascular Medications
Beta-Blockers

  • Acebutolol
    (Sectral®)
  • Atenolol
    (Tenormin®)
  • Betaxolol
    (Betoptic®; Betoptic® S; Kerlone®)
  • Bisoprolol
    (Zebeta®)
  • Carteolol
    (Cartrol® Oral; Ocupress® Ophthalmic)
  • Celiprolol
    (no brand names listed)
  • Esmolol
    (no brand names listed)
  • Labetalol
    (Normodyne®; Trandate®)
  • Levobetaxolol
    (no brand names listed)
  • Levobunolol
    (no brand names listed)
  • Metipranolol
    (no brand names listed)
  • Metoprolol
    (Lopressor®; Toprol XL®)
  • Nadolol
    (Corgard®)
  • Penbutolol
    (Levatol®)
  • Pindolol
    (Visken®)
  • Propranolol
    (Inderal®; Inderal® LA)
  • Sotalol
    (Betapace AF™; Betapace®)
  • Timolol
    (Betimol®; Blocadren®; Timoptic-XE®; Timoptic®; Timoptic® OcuDose®)

Depletions
Coenzyme Q10

A deficiency of the antioxidant coenzyme Q10 may be associated with chronic conditions including heart disease and high blood pressure. Symptoms of deficiency include gingivitis, and weakened immune function.

Melatonin

Reduced levels of melatonin in the body have been associated with sleep disturbances and jet lag.

Editorial Note

Supporting Research

Arendt J, Bojkowski C, Franey C, Wright J, Marks V. Immunoassay of 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate in human plasma and urine: abolition of the urinary 24-hour rhythm with atenolol. J Clin Endocrin Metab. 1985;60:1166-1173.

Avery D, Lenz M, Landis C. Guidelines for prescribing melatonin. Ann Med. 1998;30:122-130.

Chan A, Reichmann H, Kogel A, et al. Metabolic changes in patients with mitochondrial myopathies and effects of coenzyme Q10 therapy. J Neurol. 1998;245(10):681-685.

Folkers K, Morita M, McRee J Jr. The activities of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin B6 for immune responses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993; 28(19391):88-92.

Folkers K. Basic chemical research on coenzyme Q-10 and integrated clinical research on therapy of diseases, in Coenzyme Q, G. Lenaz, ed. John Wiley & Sons, 1985.

Kamikawa T, Kobayashi A, Yamashita T, et al. Effects of coenzyme Q10 on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 1985;56(4):247-251.

Kishi H, Kishi T, Folkers K. Bioenergetics in clinical medicine. III. Inhibition of coenzyme Q10-enzymes by clinically used anti-hypertensive drugs. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1975;12(3):533-540.

Munkholm H, Hansen HH, Rasmussen K. Coenzyme Q10 treatment in serious heart failure. Biofactors. 1999;9(2-4):285-289.

Nakamura R, Littarru GP, Folkers R, et al. Study of CoQ10-enzymes in gingiva from patients with periodontal disease and evidence for a deficiency of coenzyme Q10. Proc Natl Acad SciUSA. 1974;71(4):1456-1460.

Rommell T, Demisch L. Influence of chronic beta-adrenoreceptor blocker treatment on melatonin secretion and sleep quality in patients with essential hypertension. J Neural Transm [Gen Sect]. 1994;95:39-48.

Singh RB, Niaz MA, Rastogi SS, et al. Effect of hydrosoluble coenzyme Q10 on blood pressure and insulin resistance in hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease. J Hum Hypertens. 1999;13(3):203-208.

Singh RB, Wander GS, Rastogi A, et al. Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1998;12(4):347-353.

Review Date: October 2000
Reviewed By: All depletions monographs have been reviewed by a team of experts including Derrick M. DeSilva, Jr., MD, Raritan Bay Medical Center, Perth Amboy, NJ; Jacqueline A. Hart, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Harvard University and Senior Medical Editor, A.D.A.M., Inc., Boston, MA; John Hinze, PharmD, NMD, Woodbine, IA; Ruth Marlin, MD, Medical Director and Director of Medical Education, Preventive Medicine Research Institute, Sausalito, CA; Brian T Sanderoff, PD, BS in Pharmacy, Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy; President, Your Prescription for Health, Owings Mills, MD; Leonard Wisneski, MD, FACP, George Washington University, Rockville, MD; Ira Zunin, MD, MPH, MBA, President and Chairman, Hawaii State Consortium for Integrative Medicine, Honolulu, HI.