| Depletions > Antacids, Aluminum, Calcium, and ... |  |
| Antacids | ||||||
| Aluminum, Calcium, and Magnesium-Containing Preparations | ||||||
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| Depletions | ||||||
| Calcium | ||||||
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Osteoporosis (bone loss) is the primary disease associated with long-term calcium deficiency; it may be associated with bone pain and spinal deformity. Depleted levels can also cause muscle cramps, irregular heartbeat, and depression. Note: Calcium carbonate antacids may elevate calcium levels, depending upon the circumstances of use. Consult your doctor. | ||||||
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| Copper | ||||||
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Although copper deficiency is rare, signs and symptoms of long-term depletion of copper include anemia, changes in the structure and appearance of hair, heart damage, growth retardation, impaired bone formation, osteoporosis (bone loss), and emphysema (lung disease). | ||||||
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| Iron | ||||||
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Depleted levels of iron may lead to anemia and weakened immune function. In the event of anemia, symptoms include dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, pale skin color, and possibly irregular heartbeat. | ||||||
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| Magnesium | ||||||
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Magnesium deficiency affects calcium and vitamin D levels in the body and may be associated with muscle cramps, heart irregularities, high blood pressure, diabetes, and osteoporosis (bone loss). | ||||||
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| Phosphorus | ||||||
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Although phosphorus deficiency is rare, long-term low levels are associated with muscle weakness, bone pain, mental confusion, anorexia, anemia, increased susceptibility to infection, respiratory difficulties, seizures, and even death. | ||||||
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| Potassium | ||||||
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Symptoms of potassium deficiency include loss of appetite, nausea, drowsiness, feelings of apprehension, excessive thirst, irrational behavior, fatigue, muscle pain and weakness (usually of the lower limbs); severe cases may lead to irregular heartbeat. | ||||||
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| Zinc | ||||||
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Signs and symptoms of zinc deficiency include loss of appetite or sense of taste, growth retardation, skin changes, and increased susceptibility to infection. | ||||||
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| Editorial Note | ||||||
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| Supporting Research | ||||||
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Ames BN. Micronutrient deficiencies: A major cause of DNA damage. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2000;889:87-106. Cashman K, Flynn A. Optimal nutrition: calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999;58:477-487. Covington T, ed. Nonprescription Drug Therapy Guiding Patient Self-Care. St Louis, MO: Facts and Comparisons; 1999:467-545. Falchuk KH. Disturbances in Trace Elements. In: Fauci A, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies Health Professional Division; 1998:490-491. Faloon, WW. Drug production of intestinal malabsorption. N.Y. State J. Med. 70:2, 189, 1970. Hambidge M. Human zinc deficiency. J Nutr. 2000;130(5S Suppl):1344S-1349S. National Research Council. Recommended Dietary Allowances. 10th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1989. Potts JT. Diseases of the parathyroid gland and other hyper- and hypocalcemic disorders. In: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Health Professional Division; 1998:2241. Roe DA. Diet and Drug Interactions. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 85-86, 1989. Spencer, H. et al. Effect of small amounts of antacids on calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride metabolism in man. Gastroenterol. 68:990, 1975. | ||||||
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| Review Date: October 2000 | ||||||
| Reviewed By:
All depletions monographs have been reviewed by a
team of experts including
Derrick M. DeSilva, Jr., MD, Raritan Bay Medical Center, Perth Amboy, NJ;
Jacqueline A. Hart, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Newton-Wellesley
Hospital, Harvard University and Senior Medical Editor, A.D.A.M., Inc., Boston,
MA; John Hinze, PharmD, NMD, Woodbine, IA; Ruth Marlin, MD, Medical Director and
Director of Medical Education, Preventive Medicine Research Institute,
Sausalito, CA; Brian T Sanderoff, PD, BS in Pharmacy, Clinical Assistant
Professor, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy; President, Your
Prescription for Health, Owings Mills, MD; Leonard Wisneski, MD, FACP, George
Washington University, Rockville, MD; Ira Zunin, MD, MPH, MBA, President and
Chairman, Hawaii State Consortium for Integrative Medicine, Honolulu,
HI. | ||||||
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